What Is a Jigsaw? Learn How It Works, When & How To Use

Published: November 7, 2025

Last Updated: November 7, 2025

Whether you’re cutting intricate curves, straight lines, or custom shapes, a jigsaw is one of the most versatile tools you can add to your DIY toolbox.
In this beginner-friendly guide, you’ll see what a jigsaw is, how it works, what types are available, and how to use it safely and effectively across a range of materials.

Introduction to Jigsaws

A jigsaw is a handheld power tool designed to cut various materials using a thin, vertically moving blade. Unlike circular saws or miter saws that are made for long straight cuts, jigsaws excel at cutting curves, shapes, and cutouts, especially in wood, plastic, and metal.

Anatomy of a Jigsaw: Essential Components Explained

To get the most out of your jigsaw, it helps to understand its main parts:

Motor Housing
Contains the motor that powers the blade.

Blade Clamp
Holds the blade in place.

Base Plate (Shoe)
Rests against your material and can tilt for bevel cuts.

Trigger or Speed Dial
Controls how fast the blade moves.

Orbital Action Lever (On some models)
Adjusts the movement pattern of the blade.

Dust Blower or Port
Keeps the cut line visible.

Handle
Either top-handle or barrel-grip for control and comfort.

How Does a Jigsaw Work?

A jigsaw operates by moving a thin blade up and down at high speeds (usually measured in strokes per minute, or SPM). As you guide the tool forward, the blade removes material with each stroke.
Some jigsaws feature orbital action, which moves the blade in a slightly forward-and-up motion during the cutting stroke to improve speed and efficiency, especially when cutting wood.

Types of Jigsaws

Choosing the right type of jigsaw depends on your preferences and project needs.

Corded vs. Cordless Jigsaws

Corded models offer unlimited runtime and are often more powerful.
Cordless models provide greater portability and flexibility.

Top-Handle vs. Barrel-Grip Jigsaws

Top-handle (D-handle) jigsaws are easier for most beginners to control.
Barrel-grip jigsaws offer a lower center of gravity, preferred by some for precision cuts.

Orbital Jigsaws

These have adjustable orbital settings to allow more aggressive or refined cuts. Best for users who want more control over cut quality and speed.

Pneumatic Jigsaws

Rarely seen in DIY settings, these are air-powered and typically used in industrial applications.

When to Use a Jigsaw: Applications and Project Ideas

What is a jigsaw used for? Jigsaws can tackle a wide range of woodworking, renovation, and crafting tasks.

Curved and Intricate Cuts

Perfect for cutting scrolls, shapes, and decorative curves in wood, plastic, or metal.

Straight Cuts and Crosscuts

While not as precise as a track saw or table saw, a jigsaw can cut straight lines with a guide or square edge.

Specialty Applications

Cutting out sink openings in countertops
Trimming laminate flooring
Making cutouts for electrical boxes

Material-Specific Applications

Softwood and hardwood
Plywood and MDF
PVC and plastics
Sheet metal and aluminum
Tile and laminate (with specialty blades)

How To Use a Jigsaw (Step-by-Step)

Using a jigsaw safely and accurately involves more than just turning it on. Follow these steps:

1. Choose the Right Jigsaw Blade

T-Shank vs. U-Shank Blades

T-shank blades are more common and provide tool-free changes
U-shank blades require a screwdriver or tool for installation

Teeth Per Inch (TPI) and Blade Material

Higher TPI for smoother cuts (ideal for metal or finish work)
Lower TPI for faster, rougher cuts (ideal for wood)
Look for bi-metal or carbide-tipped blades for durability

Best Blades by Material

Wood: 6–10 TPI
Metal: 18–32 TPI
PVC: 10–14 TPI
Tile: Tungsten carbide grit blade (no teeth)

When to Replace a Blade

If the blade burns the wood, deflects, or cuts slowly, it’s time for a new one.

2. Mark Your Cut Line

Use a pencil, marker, or painter’s tape to clearly mark your cut line. A straightedge or template can help guide the cut.

3. Clamp Your Workpiece

Secure your material to prevent movement. Use clamps or a sawhorse with a sacrificial backing board.

4. Adjust Settings (Orbital Action, Speed)

Set orbital action based on your material:
High for fast, rough wood cuts
Low or off for curves and harder materials
Adjust speed (if your jigsaw allows it) for greater control.

5. Start Slow and Let the Blade Do the Work

Position the jigsaw at the edge of the cut line. Start the tool, then slowly guide it into the material. Avoid forcing the tool forward.

6. Follow the Cut Line Steadily

Maintain consistent speed and pressure. Use both hands if needed – one on the handle and one guiding the base plate.

7. Finish the Cut and Power Down Safely

Let the blade come to a complete stop before lifting the jigsaw off the material.

Making Different Types of Cuts

Before you start cutting, it helps to understand how a jigsaw handles different types of cuts. With the right blade and technique, you can make everything from tight curves to clean bevels.

Cutting Curves and Circles

Use narrow, high-TPI blades for tight curves. Go slow and make relief cuts if needed to prevent binding.

Cutting Straight Lines

Clamp a straightedge (like a ruler or scrap board) to guide your cut. Some edge guides (like the Kreg Rip-Cut™) are compatible with jigsaws. The key is to start slow to stay on track.

Making Bevel Cuts

Tilt the base plate (usually up to 45°) to make angled cuts.

Making Plunge Cuts

Start with the jigsaw tilted forward so only the front edge of the base plate is touching the surface you’re about to cut. Then, with the blade at low speed, gradually tilt the jigsaw down into the material.